Program evaluations and evidence-based process Assignment

Program evaluations and evidence-based process - Assignment Example Secondly, the audiences for evaluating such as bankers, customers, management, board, staff or clients and lastly but not the least, the kind of information required in order to decide on the need of enlightening the intended audiences. For example, the information about program’s activities, inputs and outputs, the clients or customers who experience the program, weaknesses or strengths of the program, the outcomes towards the clients or customers and why and how the program failed (Langbein, 2012). Other questions require the sources where to collect the information either from customers, clients or program documentation. Secondly, the fashion on which the information is supposed to be collected, for example through interviewing, conducting questionnaires, observing customers or examining documentation. Thirdly, the time the information is needed and lastly the resources available for the collection of the information (Mertens & Wilson, 2012). Meanwhile, the evidence-based process is systematically and consistently selected, identified and evaluated. It involves the seven steps as analyzed. Step one is the identification of the evidence Systematic Literature Surveillance is conducted using many review services of journals, journals, guideline’s collections and systematic review collections. DynaMed Content Sources is an example of a comprehensive list of sources. Step two involves selection of the best available evidence (Rubin, 2013). All articles are evaluated for clinical relevance, and the relevant articles are further evaluated for validity in relation to the existing DynaMed content. A summary of the most valid articles is made, integrated with the DynaMed content and the outline structure and overview statements are updated basing on the overall evidence synthesis. Selection of an article is done completed by the editors with clinical training and expertise in scientific analysis (Rousseau, 2012). Step three

Implementation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Implementation Paper - Essay Example In fact, according to American Lung Association (2007), approximately five (5) million pneumonia cases occur annually; the cause of almost 55 million days (Kochanek & Smith, 2002) of restricted activity, as well as 1.3 million hospitalizations each year. Furthermore, inpatient treatment for pneumonia (Niederman, 1998) amounts to more than $7.5 billion annually. Roark (2003) added that this disease is the second most widespread nosocomial infection. As of 2003, the annual incidence reached up to five to 10 cases in every 1,000 admissions and can further lead into mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or more, duration of hospital stay, worsening of underlying illness as well as presence of co-morbidities. Previous antibiotic use prior to the onset of nosocomial pneumonia elevates the likelihood of infection, particularly with those virulent organisms like Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conventional preventive measures against nosocomial pneumonia take account of the patients' decreasing aspiration, proper disinfection/sterilization of devices used in respiratory-therapy, use of effective vaccines against particular infections, avoiding cross contamination via hands of personnel and health education among patients and hospital staff. New measures under investigation involve reducing oropharyngeal and gastric colonization. Collaboration amongPneumonia as Core Performance Measure Collaboration among variety of stakeholders is an integral process in the measurement of Pneumonia Core Performance. The Joint Commission (2009) in early 1999, was able to solicit inputs from different health care provider organizations, clinical professionals, health care consumers, state hospital associations, and convened the Pneumonia Advisory Panel to discuss the areas for core measures for hospitals. The Joint Commission is a distinguished and awarded international leader, able and has been proven to effectively carry out the identification process, test and denote standardized performance measures. It has been involved in performance measurement research, development activities, and ongoing, established successful, as well as collaborative relationships with key performance measurement sets. The agency has set the initial pneumonia measure that exists in five (5) measures namely: Oxygenation Assessment, Blood Cultures, Pneumococcal Screening and/or Vaccination, Smoking Cessation Advice/Counseling, and also the Antibiotic Timing. Later, two additional measures were implemented and these are the: Antibiotic Selection and Influenza Vaccination. All together, the Joint Commission function with the CMS or Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services on pneumonia measures with the intention of common to both organizations. CMS with the Joint Commission worked together in order to align the measure specifications which are to be used in the 7th Scope of Work and also for Joint Commission accredited hospitals. On July 1, 2002, hospitals began collecting the preliminary five (5) pneumonia measures intended for patient discharges.Core Measures monitor a range of evidence-based, the scientifically researched standards of care that have been shown to effect in improved clinical outcomes for patients. The establishment of Core Measures in 2000 by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) has started to release public statements about hospital core measure findings in