Behavioral Health Issues Within Inpatient Psychiatric...

Introduction One of the most frequently reported behavioral health issues in inpatient psychiatric settings involves patient assaults (Perez, 2014). Increased occurrence of assaults can have a damaging impact on the life of psychiatric patients (Luckhoff et al., 2013). It presents a threat to the physical and psychological well-being of both psychiatric nursing staff and all patients present (Luckhoff et al., 2013). There are numerous studies showing assaults occurring amongst staff and patients hospitalized in inpatient units; however, there are limited resources for addressing patient-to-patient assaults (Luckhoff et al., 2013). This chapter reviews current studies and identifies available resources on patient-to-patient assaults in†¦show more content†¦A search of several databases with patient assault literature using the date range from January 2010 to February 2017 was performed. The databases searched were CINAHL, ProQuest, and Medline using the terms patient assault, patient saf ety, patient-to-patient, psychiatric, geriatric, staff education, and nursing knowledge of assault. Initially, it generated 33 articles and results were narrowed down to 11 peer reviewed and research articles published from 2012 to 2017 that focused on patient assaults in inpatient facilities. Research shows that utilizing multiple search strategies for evidence-based practices reduces bias in evidence searches and provides a vast pool of resources for review (Atchan, Davis, Foureur, 2016). Methodologically, quantitative studies are highly structured and involve a systematic process to build knowledge (Hall Roussel, 2014). The focus of the search was quantitative studies ranging from systematic reviews, experimental studies, case control studies, and randomized controlled trials using quantitative data and methodology. Additional search terms included the phrase â€Å"geriatric patients admitted on a psychiatric unit and cognitively impaired geriatric patients.† Exclusion criteria included non-English publications, non-peer reviewed articles, and abstract-only articles. Tools. The tool utilized for grading the level of evidence of the articles was the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence Based Practice (JHNEBP) model, whichShow MoreRelatedFunding Health Care Services973 Words   |  4 PagesFunding Health Care Services Name Institutional Affiliation Date: Funding Health Care Services 1. How ambulatory services should be funded Ambulatory services consist of an array of healthcare services offered to inpatients overnight at healthcare organizations. Funding of ambulatory services should be done at urgent care, outpatient clinics, same day surgery, group practices, mental health clinics, community health care units, diagnostic centers, and emergency rooms. 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Educational preparation Free Essays

There are three main avenues for a person to become a Registered Nurse in the United States. There are diploma programs, associate degree programs (AD), and baccalaureate degree (BBS) programs. Graduates from all three of these programs are eligible to take the same licensing exam and obtain the same registered nurse license in their respective states. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational preparation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people, nurses included, have often wondered what the difference is in the education these nurses have received. Is it all the same? Is an RAN an RAN no matter what his/her education level? The primary difference between an AD nurse and a BBS nurse lies within the focus of their nursing education. Recent research indicates that baccalaureate programs focus more on care coordination and community health than do associate programs. One source stated that baccalaureate nursing programs historically provide two to three times more clinical training in outpatient settings than associate programs (Feature 2013). Thus, baccalaureate prepared nurses are better equipped to work in these alternative healthcare settings and to provide care to patients who eave the hospital and move on to these alternative settings. The associate degree (AD) nurse holds the same license as the BBS nurse. However, the focus of the associate program education is quite different. City University of New York faculty fellow, Maureen Wallace, Deed, RAN, stated, â€Å"Most AD students get an excellent clinical experience but their education has been heavily skills oriented and focused on acute care. (Feature, 2013, p. 3) The associate nurses’ education is geared more towards inpatient, hospital based care. Unfortunately for he AD nurses, this puts them at somewhat of a disadvantage in the current healthcare climate. According to Dry. Patricia Banner (2009), more than 50% of all nurses now work outside of the hospital setting. So while AD nurses may have fantastic clinical skills for acute care, they may not posse ss critical knowledge needed to educate patients on disease prevention, self-care at home, and utilizing community resources. This apparent knowledge deficit and acute care focused training could significantly impact the way an AD RAN responds to a patient need versus how a BBS RAN might respond. This difference could even negatively impact the patient in the future. This can be demonstrated in the fictitious scenario of Mr.. Smith. Mr.. Smith was admitted to the hospital through the emergency room four days ago with complaints of severe abdominal pain and vomiting fecal matter. He was diagnosed with a bowel obstruction secondary to colon cancer and immediately underwent surgery for tumor removal and bowel resection. He was married with two small children. He had lost a significant amount of weight in recent weeks and was extremely weak. Significant differences in the education level between the AD and BBS nurses can be seen in the way each delivered discharge instructions to this patient. Utilizing her skills and acute care knowledge base, Nurse AD, focused her discharge instructions on post pop pain management, surgical site infection prevention, dietary restrictions, activity limitations, and the importance of keeping follow up appointments with the surgeon and oncologist. She instructed the patient’s wife on how to perform the dressing change, and Mrs.. Smith performed a return ministration reluctantly. Mr.. And Mrs.. Smith nodded politely as Nurse AD provided instructions but they did not ask any questions. They both nodded in agreement when she asked if they understood the instructions. Mrs.. Smith signed the discharge instruction form and Nurse AD advised them to let her know when they were ready to leave so she could call for transport downstairs. Mr.. And Mrs.. Smith were very likely completely overwhelmed at this point, having Just received the new diagnosis of cancer. Mr.. Smith was so weak that he could not perform his own Tall’s. Mrs.. Smith as wondering how in the world she was going to get him out of the car once they got home let alone how she was going to bathe him and change his dressing with two small children underfoot. This lack of resources, support, and knowledge could put Mr.. Smith at high risk for re-hospitalizing. Since he will not have adequate assistance at home, he is likely to not follow activity restrictions. He may even fall and injure himself due to his weakened condition. Mrs.. Smith probably did not retain much of the discharge education and may not be able to consistently perform an septic dressing change. His surgical wound could become infected. If Nurse BBS completes Mr.. Smith’s discharge teaching, the scenario could be much different. Nurse BBS also drew from her educational background. However, hers was more focused on care coordination, community health and illness prevention (The impact of education 2014). She began her discharge instructions by assessing the couple’s level of understanding and coping as well as the resources available to them at home. She asked if Mr.. Smith had a wheelchair for transport from his car to his home. She asked if they had a way to raise the head of his bed or if they had a reclining chair that he could sleep in for comfort and ease of movement. Mrs.. Smith responded by replying that she does not have a clue how to operate a wheel chair or where to obtain one and furthermore, she was not sure she was going to be able to take care of him at all. Nurse BBS identified the need for ongoing skilled nursing care and education. She spoke with the surgeon and obtained an order to refer Mr.. Smith to a home health agency. She delayed Mr.. Smith’s discharge for several hours until he home health agency could evaluate him and deliver a wheelchair and hospital bed to his home. Mr.. Smith will now receive nursing care at home to manage his wound and to train Mrs.. Smith on aseptic technique for dressing changes. He will also receive education on all aspects of his newly diagnosed cancer and physical therapy to address his weakness and prevent falls. In this scenario, Mr.. Smith is much less likely to return to the hospital because of the nursing education and in home care he received (Beanbag’s and Terrain 2000). His wound will likely heal very icily and he will be better prepared to cope with his disease and recovery because he will have received ample education from his home health nurse. He will probably feel less fearful at home because he will still have access to a nurse when he has a need or a question. In both scenarios, the nurses held the same license. They both performed their Job duties well. They both had the patient’s best interest at heart. They both utilized the nursing process and interventions to assist the patient during his time of crisis. However, Nurse Abs’s interventions were better suited to meet the tangent’s needs. Because her nursing education was more focused on community health and outpatient settings, she was better able to assess the patient holistically and address his immediate and long term needs. Mr.. Smith is much less likely to be re-hospitalized and much more likely to have a good outcome because of Nurse BBS. How to cite Educational preparation, Papers Educational Preparation Free Essays Educational Preparation juli mar Grand Canyon University NRS 430 12-18-11 Educational Preparation There are 2 common, but different, pathways to receiving a RN license. You can earn a bachelor’s degree (BSN) or an associate degree, (ADN). While there are similarities between the two programs, a BSN takes two additional years of college at a university. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Preparation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both programs teach nursing skills, electives ,science courses, and clinicals. But, the BSN program is a more in-depth study of nursing research, theory, evidence based practice, management, community, and public health nursing. The baccalaureate program gives the individual the added benefit of having more education. â€Å" No matter which type of entry into practice program one chooses, â€Å"the demands placed on nursing in the emerging health care system are likely to require a greater proportion of RNs who are prepared beyond the associate degree or diploma level. (Recreating health professional practice for a new century. , 1998). Even though the BSN has more education, both graduates are held to the same standards of practice. ADN and BSN nurses must pass the NCLEX exam. They have the same patient workload, responsibilities, and the same starting rate of pay. This brings up the often debate, are their competencies any different ? Mildred Montag created the 2 year associate degree after World War II. Several important goals were attained by the AD programs’ success. It helped train registered nurses to help replace baccalaureate nurses in a shorter time. † A new pool of students, including men, married women with children, and older than typical undergraduates, were now able to choose nursing career† (Creasia Friberg, 2011, p. 1). Montag assumed these nurses would be assistants to the professional nurses, and since there has been a long debate on whether this degree should continue. The conflict is related to the educational level, leadership, and critical thinking skills of the BSN vs. ADN. Many other countries, Canada, Sweden, Portugal, and the Philippines all require a four year BSN degree for entry level RN. I do believe employ ers in the United States are moving towards a BSN for entry level as they did before the ADN was developed. In 1965, the American Nurses Association (ANA) designated the baccalaureate degree as the educational entry point into professional nursing practice†(Creasia Friberg, 1965/2011, p. 4). Most employers have a strong preference for hiring a BSN, as nurses continue to expand their roles and are providing more community based care away from the hospital. Society is also changing and patient needs are becoming more complex as they are living longer, have more chronic illness, and technology advancing. These are reasons a BSN is becoming more apparent in our society today. Does having a BSN mean she/he is more competent over the other ADN ? A BSN is better prepared to meet all the patients needs. They can better assist with teaching in the communities, can take a leadership position, function as clinical nurse leaders( charge nurse), has more advanced critical thinking skills, familiar with nursing research, evidence based practice, and theory. Evidence based practice( EBP), means to back up opinions and practices with facts. Basically, the more we think about what we’re doing and why the better nurses we will be. We learned the importance of this from Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. She used EBP to improve the conditions of hospitals during the Crimean war. She assessed the environment, collected data, identified interventions, and monitored patient outcomes. In less than 6 months her interventions significantly decreased the mortality of soldiers. Nightingale utilized supporting evidence to transform healthcare(Cooper, 2011, p. 1) With her information, evidence based practice became used and appreciated. Nurses need to know what proven techniques and interventions have been found to be most effective. They can only do this by applying evidence based practice, which is better taught at a BSN level. A BSN can continue to expand their role as a RN, using their BSN as a stepping stone towards, nurse practitioner ,nurse midwife, or nurse anesthetist, if they decide to do so. BSN nurses will find it easier to get faculty teaching positions, higher level administrative roles in hospitals and state or federal level government jobs(Forster, 2008, p. 1). In today’s world more is expected from a nurse than ever before. Nursing practice is not just starting IV’s and following doctors’ orders. The public expects care to be delivered by a professional nurse. The RN must be able to make critical decisions about a patients care, to question the doctor if orders seem inappropriate and to help the patient through some times life-changing decisions. This takes an education that is broad based, one that includes critical thinking and exposure to many different people, thought processes, and culture and societal norms. (Forster, 2008, p. 1). ADN usually cost less and takes less time to complete, but isn’t always the best choice if career advancement is wanted. The quality of our patient care is dependent on our education. Both are wonderful paths for anyone pursuing a nursing career and offer excellent pay, job security, and a wide range of work environments and experiences. References References Cooper, C. (2011). Transforming Healthcare through the use of evidence based practice [journal]. Nursing Excellence, 1(1), 1. Retrieved from http://www. childrenscentralcal. org Cooper, C. (2011). Transforming Healthcare through the use of evidence based practice [online newsletter]. Nursing Excellence, 1(1), 1. Retrieved from http://www. childrenscentralcal. rg Creasia, J. L. , Friberg, E. (2011). Introduction. In E. Mosby (Ed. ), Conceptual Foundations : The Bridge to Professional nursing practice (p. 4). Retrieved from (Original work published 1965) Creasia, J. L. , Friberg, E. (2011). Nursing in Institutions of Higher Education. In E. Mosby (Ed. ), Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice (p. 41). Retrieved from Fo rster, H. (2008). ADN vs BSN. Retrieved from http://nursinglink. monster. com/education/articles/3842adn-vs-bsn Pew Health Professions Commission. (1998). San Francisco: Author. How to cite Educational Preparation, Papers Educational Preparation Free Essays Life is the largest ongoing educational facility in the world, and attendance is mandatory for all living breathing individuals. Nothing prepares an individual for life or its many lessons, as the old saying goes, â€Å"You live and you learn. † While we are all students daily in life’s university, we have many areas of individuality to grow, achieve, and seek knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Preparation or any similar topic only for you Order Now One aspect of individuality in life lies in the professions we choose and how we as individuals perfect our professions over the course of our life journey. Unlike the lessons in life the educational preparation required to enter the field of nursing is all about building a foundation to prepare, stimulate, and advance its students. Nursing is a phenomenal profession that offers many varied aspects of diversity in levels of skill, areas of practice, and practice settings. Since I was a child nursing has been the career choice that I knew would be my life’s work. In this paper I will discuss my educational preparation journey associated with the profession of nursing from the historical start of this profession leading to current day practice, the various levels of nursing from Licensed Vocational Nursing to Baccalaureate Science Nursing, and evaluate documented research on differences in approach and decision-making as it relates to the educational preparation of nurses. Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and population (â€Å"What Is Nursing? â€Å"). This is the definition presented by the American Nurses Association as it encompasses the nursing practice as a whole. The historical leaders of nursing laid the foundation for this definition and the various levels of nursing education available today. There are different levels of nursing and the guidelines that govern the laws for which we can practice under our licenses. The lowest introductory level of nursing begins with licensed vocational nursing (LVN). There are many entrances to begin training to become a registered nurse (RN). The professional nursing degree can be obtained through several educational programs diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate degree, and the master’s degree pathways. These varied pathways and educational levels of training associated with the title RN are all measured upon completion by the NCLEX-RN examination. The basic duties of an RN are generally the same for all degree pathways and include the assessment of patients, educating patients, family members, and caregivers on illnesses and medications, operating medical equipment, and working as part of the interdisciplinary team. For the purpose of this paper my focus is drawn specifically to the differences between the Associate Degree Registered Nurse verses the Baccalaureate Science Nursing degree. As I previously stated the basic duties for both levels of professional nursing remain the same, however the BSN prepared nurse will in the long run have more career opportunities. The opportunities available to BSN degreed nurses include nurse educators, public health nurses, and advanced practice nursing (â€Å"The Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing,† 2000). One of the questions asked to be addressed in this essay was to identify a patient care situation describing how nursing care or approaches to decision-making may differ based on the educational preparation of the nurse ADN versus BSN. As an ADN prepared nurse I have worked with other nurses prepared through other various educational levels and I honestly see no difference in our approaches to the nursing practice. I also find it in some ways insulting and degrading as a nurse to have my educational training devalued. While BSN prepared nurses do receive more educational training in regards to management aspects of nursing the applications of nursing practice, nursing care, and clinical skills training remain the same. How to cite Educational Preparation, Papers Educational Preparation Free Essays Write a formal paper (750-1,000 words) discussing the differences in competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level in nursing. For additional help finding research on this topic, refer to the library tutorial located at in the Student Success Center. Identify a patient care situation in which you describe how nursing care or approaches to decision-making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse (BSN versus a diploma or ADN degree). We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Preparation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Nurses are prepared in two different educational backgrounds, the baccalaureate degree level of nursing and the associate-degree level of nursing. Though they are prepared in two different settings when completion of these programs both sit for NCLEX-RN exam. The NCLEX is the state board to license and RN for competency to work as a registered nurse. There are few differences in competencies between associate- degree nurses and baccalaureate degree level nurses including their level of commitment, leadership skills and their quality of patient care. Education is an infinite process. Every day, new developments emerge and new deceases and remedies discovered. The overall outlook of healthcare professions has dramatically changed in the past few decades. Nursing plays a very critical and important part in efficient care and patient safety. Nurses work shoulder to shoulder with physicians in treatment planning and management. Legal and ethical responsibility of the care provided is also increasingly shared by the Nurses. Nursing profession thus calls for better qualified and well groomed nurses. Even though associate degree programs prepare nurses for patient care in a hospital setting, that training is insufficient for a variety of nursing roles. Comparison Point one-Associate level nursing was established after World War 2 during a nursing shortage. This started at the community colleges; students would have to attend for 2 years to obtain your nursing degree. Community colleges were growing at a fast rate they were able to accept many more students than universities. Associate nurses were taught the skills of nursing to work as an RN. One study showed that when reviewed by managers 86% of ADN nurses met or exceeded their expectation. (EEpg268) Point two Baccalaureate degree programs are help at the Universities, and students would attend these schools for four years to obtain their nursing degree. One study shows that nurses with their BSN are shown to be less task oriented, have critical thinking skills, are more professional in their role, and show more leadership skills. These nurses look at the patient as a whole and not just a list of things they need to accomplish during their day. ADN program is designed to provide the skills and knowledge to become a compliant generalist nurse. In most cases, it is a 20 month program aimed to provide a reasonably good training for the licensure examination (NCLEX-RN) and then an immediate, decent staff position in hospitals and inpatient healthcare modern society human being, encompass extensively sophisticated requisites provoking advanced techniques of acquisition directly correlating to health care industry. The health care is intensifying in complexity and observing beneficial amendments. The longevity and expectations have heightened thus nurses are obligate to become educated in higher echelon, the professional baccalaureate level, to comprehensively achieve composite necessities. The professional nurse who graduates with a baccalaureate is primed for broader role in numerous facet of health care in addition to global knowledge of functionality of medical system and diverse methods of application. Enabling the application in daily patient care, the delegation of tasks, independent decision making, secure patient discharge, and numerous other aspects provoking an improvement in quality of care. Research has shown that lower mortality rates, fewer medication errors, and positive outcomes are all linked to nurses prepared at the baccalaureate and graduate degree levels. Education for nurses is life long process either at the bedside or school, nurses are continuously learning to meet the competencies of professional practice and growing demand of excellent care. The difference between the nurse prepared at the associate degree level versus the baccalaureate degree level in nursing is the nurse with baccalaureate degree has the more prestigious degree and training in global aspect of health care Learning in complex systems is, itself, complex. Nonlinear systems confound attempts to develop and enforce simple models of cause and effect, and so traditional, hypothetical-deductive methods to explore cause and effect often fail. We know that in the daily life of parenting, marital relationships, and team sports, where â€Å"continual learning and improvement† replaces â€Å"planned experiment† as an approach for gaining knowledge. Even where firm, cause-and-effect knowledge exists in science-based health care the knowledge, for example, that antibiotic A will almost always kill bacterium B the application of that knowledge runs straightaway into the messy world of complex systems. That is, reliably getting the antibiotic safely into the body of a patient with that germ turns out to be a constant challenge as systems fail (the order got lost), unpredicted side effects occur (the patient is on an incompatible other drug), local circumstances become highly relevant (the drug is unfamiliar to the new doctor), and errors multiply (the bacteriological report was on the wrong patient). The fact is frustrating and inescapable: in health care, as in any complex enterprise, the simple, scientific facts lie fallow without continual Adaptation to local contexts. The modern nurse who intends to improve the job effectively needs to be a master of the work So what is the difference and how will it affect the course of a career in nursing In today’s nursing world, more is expected from a nurse than following doctor’s orders and starting IVs. The nurse must be able to make critical decisions about a patient’s care, to question the doctor if orders seem inappropriate and to help the patient through, sometimes, difficult life-changing decisions. These skills take an education that is broad based, one that includes critical thinking and exposure to many different people, thought processes, and culture and societal norms. Two year nursing programs do recognize these needs and address them as they can, requiring liberal arts classes to be taken before entering the program and teaching decision making skills along the way. At every level of nursing, the ability to connect with different people, recognize the pressures they face from their personal environment and find value in each is critical. This is a lot to learn against a backdrop of proficiently performed procedures and giving the right medication. BSN  programs offer more education aimed at developing these skills. These programs bolster knowledge about community and public health issues. There is also more attention paid to nursing management, that is, enhancing skills needed to help â€Å"direct reports† do their best work for the patient and the health care organization. Opportunity to refine patient assessment skills and examine more in depth the pathophysiology of diseases, also sets these rograms apart from their two-year program me Nurses who graduate with a BSN degree will find it easier to enter faculty teaching positions, higher level administrative roles in hospitals or other health care environments and State or Federal level government nursing jobs. And for some, these roles are more satisfying, allowing the individual to affect change at a more global level than one-on-one nursing. While it is true an experienced, talented nurse with an AS degree can move â€Å"up the ladder† into management and leadership roles, the Bachelor’s degree can make the climb a little less steep. And, with all this said, there will always be a critical role for the nurse who works directly with the patient, teaching patients about their health care, assuring quality wound management in the hospital setting and observing patients for signs of a worsening condition. Nursing is a huge and welcoming field. It offers a satisfying career path for both AS and  BSN  trained nurses. Whatever path you have chosen in nursing, the essential wisdom is to continue enhancing your skills and education so that your community, your organization and your patients benefit from your broadened view of the world. Conclusion I know personally from being an RN with my associate degree that I do think differently than other RNs. I find myself worrying a lot about the tasks that I need to finish before my shift ends and not looking at the reasons why I am doing things. I watch other RNs getting why they patient is experiencing these symptoms while I am just following orders and treating the patient. I have seen myself start critically thinking on what my patients need and asking the doctors for different things. References Conceptual foundations the bridge to professional nursing practice 5th edition 2011 American Association of college of nursing Robert Rosseter april 2 2012The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www. nap. edu/catalog/12956. html Aiken, L. H. , Cheung, R. B. amp; Olds, D. M. (2009, June 12). Education policy initiatives to address the nurse shortage in the United States. Health Affairs Web Exclusive. Accessed June 22, 2009 at http://content. healthaffairs. org/cgi/content/abstract/hlthaff. 28. 4. w646 American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2009). 2008-2009 Enrollment and graduations in Baccalaureate and graduate programs in nursing. Washington, DC: Author. How to cite Educational Preparation, Papers

Cyber Security and the Internet of Things-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Challenges in Cyber Security for Business. Answer: Introduction Online threats are increasing in the business environment which has increased the risks to the safety and security of the confidentiality of the business. It is vital to ensure the safety of the confidential data of the business and customers. There has been a rise in the use of cyber security for ensuring security and safety of the business from hacking and other online threats (Nojeim, 2010). Technological developments have given rise to the concept of cyber security for protecting the confidential data of the business from unauthorized use by others for their personal benefit. Online threats are creating harm to the business and to the customers at large. Cybercrimes are increasing due to which business and customers are getting affected. Technology is being used by the cyber criminals for stealing the confidential information of business and customers (Goodyear, 2010). Businesses are facing various challenges due to the online threats creating an impact on the cyber security for business. The focus on the cyber security is on providing protection to the business and customers. Various challenges are being faced by business due to cyber security. These challenges include education and awareness, services and privacy, prevention of data loss, encryption of USB, third party device connectivity, disk encryption, application control, mobile device management, indicators of the breach, the team for responding to emergency situations, insider threat, and the internet. All these challenges are affecting the performance of the business and there is a need to cope with these challenges in cyber secruity (Clemente, 2013). This project will discuss the role of cyber security for business and the various challenges which are being faced by the business. Figure 1: Cyber security Source: (Golbeck, 2017) Project objective Objectives are the goals which help in guiding the efforts of the individuals towards the right path. Objectives have been set for this project so as to execute this project in a successful manner. Project objectives of this project are mentioned below: To analyze the concept of cyber security and trend of cyber security. To identify the role played by cyber security for business To analyze the different challenges in cyber security for business and identifying measures for dealing with these challenges. Project scope The aim of this project is to analyze the various challenges in cyber security for business which are creating an impact on the performance of the business. This will be done for gaining an understanding of these challenges. This project will help in providing a detailed understanding of these challenges and analyzing the impact of these challenges on the business and customers. The focus of this project will be on collecting information related to the topic of the project. Literature review Role of Cyber Security According to Cornish, et. al. (2011), Cyber security can be explained as the body of technologies and practices which are designed with a motive to provide protection to the networks, programs, and computers from the unauthorized access of the data or information. Cyber security is an important aspect which forms a base for the digital transformation. Cyber-attacks are increasing with the change in the business environment and have become an international concern. Network protection is an important aspect as every element of the economy is linked to the internet. Lack of protection for data stored on the internet can create a huge impact on the economy. The global economy is getting affected due to the increasing cyber-attacks. A cyber-attack can be understood as a situation when computer systems, networks and enterprises dependent on technology are exploited intentionally. Cyber defense strategies are being adopted by the businesses for ensuring the protection of the confidential in formation (Nojeim, 2010). Cyber-attacks are creating huge harm to the business. With the increase in the number of services, there has been a rise in the number of cases related to cyber-crime. Constant technological innovations are the reasons behind the growth of the cyber-crimes. Cyber-crimes are creating an impact on the reputation of the business, affecting the competitiveness of the business and financial losses to the business. Cyberspace has evolved the manner in which business operations are carried out (CUNY, 2010). Cyber security is an important issue for the global economy for ensuring that illegal and unethical practices are not creating harm to the global economy. IT security teams and professionals are making constant efforts for coping with the cases of cyber-attacks. Cyber-attack is becoming a life threatening threat to every business which is affecting the existence of the business. Cyberspace has provided growth opportunities to the business by enhancing the quality of the services offered by the customers (Raduege Bissell, 2013). Cyberspace has provided opportunities for the growth and expansion of the business but there are some serious risks which are associated with this concept. This rise in the use of cyberspace has increased the number of cases along with the increase in the cost involved for the protection of the data of business from hackers or cyber-criminals (SECU View, 2016). Challenges in Cyber security for business Major changes have taken place in the IT sector which has increased the need of cyber security for businesses. Businesses need to ensure the safety of the digital assets from the unauthorized access. Cyber-criminals are targeting large, medium as well as small businesses. Cyber-crime damages are increasing the cost of businesses as well as affecting the functioning and customer base of the business. Companies are using cyber security for operating a safe and secure network and protecting the data related to business and its customers (Raduege Bissell, 2013). There are various challenges in cyber security for business. These challenges in cyber security for business are an insider threat, management of password, mobility, the internet, privacy laws, connectivity of the third party devices, USB control, encryption of the USB, prevention of the loss of data, application control, disk encryption, digitalisation, big data and cloud computing (Mena Report, 2016). One of the biggest challenges for the business is related to insider threat. Dissatisfaction level among the employees may increase due to which insider threats develop. This insider threat can create harm to the cyber security of the business. Proper protection must be done of the systems by installing software. An employee may violate the network security rules formulated by the company for protecting confidential data. Training must be provided to the employees and consequences must be explained to the employees. This will help in keeping a check on the cyber threats (Valk, 2010). With the advancement in the technology, cyber-criminals are putting their efforts of cracking the passwords so as to gain access to the confidential information of the business. Passwords should be changed at regular intervals for eliminating the cyber-threat (Greenwald, 2013). In the article written by Greenwald, qualitative research method has been used for collecting theoretical knowledge related to the research topic. For example, a case of threat of credit cards data took place in the year 2014. In this case, data of 50 million credit cards were stolen from the system of Home Depot. The system of the home depot was breached due to which credit card details of 50 million card holders were exposed. For getting access to the computer network of the company, thieves have used the user name of the vendor and password. Thieves installed malware in computer network due to which details of the credit cards were handed over to the criminals (Murphy, 2017). Another example is the breach w hich took place due to the use of outdated technology. It was disclosed that this breach has exposed the data of 21.5 million people. This case is one of the biggest cases of breach of U.S. Government data (Murphy, 2017). The Internet also acts as a challenge for the cyber security which affects the performance of the business. The secured medium needs to be developed for ensuring the protection of the data available over the internet. The Internet is an open connection and cyber threats can affect. For example, in the year 2009, Google corporate servers were hacked in China. Intellectual property and other information were hacked and this hacking took place for gaining access to the Gmail account of Chinese human rights activists. Court orders which were authorizing surveillance were hacked (Murphy, 2017). Employees have started using their personal devices for accessing the portals of business which is an increasing issue for the businesses. Details or confidential data of the employees and of the company are at risk due to the availability of hacking software over the internet. Privacy laws need to be formulated for ensuring the safety of the data. Lack of effective privacy laws can act as a challenge for the cyber security. Fake advertisements and feedbacks also act as a threat to the safety of personal data of the business (Penzes, 2014). Applied research method has been used in the article written by Penzes. The motive behind use of this research method is to solve the practical problems of the world by analysing the challenges in cyber security. There has been a rise in the use of cloud computing or cloud based services by the business and employees for storing data. Cyber-criminals hack these cloud based storage platforms for accessing the personal information of the business and employees. These details are used for conducting unethical or illegal practices. Barge volume of data is stored on websites or storage platforms and security of these platforms need to be ensured (Wang Lu, 2013). In the article written by Wang and Lu, problem oriented research method has been used. This research method has been used for analysing the challenges faced by different companies. For example, more than a billion user names along with passwords were hacked by Russian hackers. These user names and passwords were hacked from approximately 400 websites (Murphy, 2017). The increase in the process of digitalisation has increased the use of internet based platforms by the business. Businesses are using software, storage mediums and communication mediums which are based on the internet. This increasing dependence on the internet has created a huge impact on the protection of the data of the business. This challenge to cyber security needs to be dealt by using strategies (Chanaga, 2016). For example, it was seen that in the year 2014, Yahoo data breach took place. This breach of data was of more than 500 million users. Another breach was reported which took place in the year 2013. More than one billion users got affected due to this breach and their data was exposed (Murphy, 2017). Secondary sources of data collection have been used in the article written by Murphy for the collection of data. Another important challenge is related to awareness among the employees for the cyber security. This lack of awareness has increased the risk of the business. Organizations are not having emergency response team which deals with the situations of cyber-attack and breaches. Emergency response team analyses the potential cyber threat or breach and take steps for eliminating these threats or breaches. Prevention of data should be the priority of emergency response team as theft or breach results in loss of data. This data can be used against the business resulting in a potential impact on the business (Purdy, 2016). Businesses are not using active application control program which controls or prevents the cyber-attacks and helps in identifying these thefts and breaches which help in dealing with the adverse situation. Companies are less concern towards the protection of mobile devices. Mobile devices are used in the workplace for executing the operations and confidential information is stored on these mobile devices (Chanaga, 2016). Companies need to ensure disk encryption for protecting data from the theft and loss. The secure environment should be created for the business so as to ensure that business is operating in a secure environment. Businesses are becoming more and more concern for the safety and security of the data of the business. This concern has resulted in the use of USB encryption for the protection of the data from unauthorized access and ensuring that the data on a device connected to end point is encrypted (ITU, 2012). The shift of the real world towards the virtual world has led to rising in the cyber crimes. There are various reasons which are responsible for the increase in the cases of cyber-crimes. These reasons include an increase in digital financial services, increase in the interaction through social platforms, profitable returns on cyber-crimes and changing technology. There has been a rise in the digital financial services such as online purchasing, internet banking, and stock trading. This increase in the digital financial services available over the internet is for enhancing the comfort level and convenience of the people. But these services are being attacked by the cyber-criminals for misusing these services (Wang Lu., 2013). There are various social media platforms which are being used by people for communicating and sharing information with each other. These social media platforms have been targeted by the cyber-criminals for accessing the information and misusing it for their ben efit. Personal information is being hacked by the cyber-criminals and is misused for conducting illegal activities. Hackers have used cyber-crime for gaining high profits (Tonge, et. al., 2013). Technological advancements have created positive as well as negative impact on the world economy. The cost of protection is very high which increases the operating cost of the business. Customized solutions need to be developed and for this, businesses need to take help of the IT professionals or experts. Various cyber-crimes take place for affecting the sales of the business. Competitors may adopt unfair methods or ways for increasing their sales and decreasing the sales of other companies. Information related to a business may get hacked by the hackers for unauthorized use and misuse the information for self-interest (Abomhara Kien, 2015). Impact of challenges in cyber security There are various adverse impacts of cyber-attacks which can hinder the existence of the business. Cyber-attacks can result in commercial losses; increase the chances of extortion aside, issues related to public relations, legal compliance, negligence claims and loss of trust among the customers, suppliers, and society. Companies suffering from cyber-attacks may suffer financial loss as main motive behind cyber-attack is gaining monetary benefits or stealing confidential information. The reputation of the business also gets affected due to cyber-attacks (Wang Lu., 2013). This impact of the reputation of the business can result in loss of sale, loss of customers and fall in the profits of the company. Companies may suffer legal consequences as loss of confidential information of the client is a crime. According to the data protection act, personal data of the customers should be managed in a proper manner. For example, Anthem Inc. a health insurer has suffered at large due to cyber-a ttack. Systems of Anthem were hacked in the year 2015 and due to these hacking personal records of approximately 80 million people (Szoldra, 2015). Coping with challenges in Cyber security Companies are coping with these issues and focusing on developing strategies for dealing with the increasing cyber threats. For coping with this issue, there is a need to apply strategies. In the words of Ulsch (2014), businesses can use cyber security audit for protecting data and analyzing the effectiveness of the cyber security strategies used by the businesses. Cyber security plans and procedures allies can be developed. Internal policies need to be created by the business as companies may face threat from the employees of the company. Internal policies will help in keeping a check on the behavior of the employees. Systems used by the business must be updated on regular basis for eliminating the chances of cyber-attack. Employees must be aware of the cyber-attacks and their impacts on the performance of the business. A Strong password should be created and these passwords should be changes on regular basis for ensuring the safety of the data. Security expert must be hired for dea ling with the security related risks (Ulsch, 2014). Identification of gaps During the execution of the research, some gaps have been identified. These gaps are the gap between the existing studies on the basis of which research is carried out and studies on the basis of which research will be executed. Reason behind the creation of these gaps is the lack of proper answers for the research questions of the research. This situation arises when the collected data and analysed data is not answering to the research questions. This research has discussed the challenges in cyber security for business but measures for coping with these challenges in cyber security for business are not discussed. Further research will discuss these measures which are used for dealing with the challenges in cyber security. Journal articles used in this research have discussed the concept of cyber security, its role for business and challenges in cyber security for business. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that cyber security is an important aspect of every business. This project has discussed the concept of cyber security and the role played by cyber security in enhancing the confidentiality of the data of the business. Various cases have been identified which are related to cyber-attacks. With the technological advancement, the threat of cyber-attack is also increasing which has raised the concern for the safety of the data of the business. This project has discussed different challenges in Cyber security for business which creates an impact on the confidentiality of data of the business and on the performance of the business. References Abomhara, M. Kien, G. M., 2015, Cyber Security and the Internet of Things: Vulnerabilities, Threats, Intruders and Attacks, Journal of Cyber Security, 4, 6588. Chanaga, J., 2016, Three security actions CEOs must take: Cyber risk is the greatest business challenge of the 21st century,SC Magazine,27(12), 50. Clemente, D., 2013, Cyber Security and Global Interdependence: What Is Critical?, Chatham House. 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